国际土木工程建筑承包合同（中英文对照）

    part工general conditions
    第一章 总则

    definitions and interpretation
    定义和释义
    1．（1）in the contract，as hereinafter defined，the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them，except where the context otherwise requires：
    1．1在本合同中，除按上下文另具意义者外，下列词语应解释如下：
    （a）'employer' means the party named in part ii who will employ the contractor and the legal successors in title to the employer，but not，except with the consent of the contractor，any assignee of the employer．
    “业主”指第二章中所指定的雇用承包人的一方或其权利继承人，但不包括业主的受让人，经承包人同意者除外。
    （b）“contractor”means the person or persons，firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the employerand includes the contractor’s personal representatives，successors and permitted assigns．
    “承包人”指标书已被业主接受的某个或某些人、商行或公司，包括其个人代表，继承人和业经认可的受让人。
    （c）“engineer”means the engineer designated as such in part ii，or other engineer appointed from time to time by the employer and notified in writing to the contractor to act as engineer for the purposes of the contract in place of the engineer、designated．
    “工程师”指第二章中所指定的工程师，或由业主随时任命且书面通知承包人以代替指定工程师履行合同职责的其他工程师。
    （d) 'engineer’s representative' means any resident engineer or assistant of the engineer or any clerk of works appointed from time to time by the employer or the engineer to perform the duties set forth in clause 2 hereof，whose authority shall be notified in writing to the contractor by the engineer．
    “工程师代表”指任何常驻工程技术人员、工程师助手，或由业主或工程师随时任命履行本合同第二条规定职责的任何工程现场监督，其权限应由工程师书面通告承包人。
    （e) “works” shall include both permanent works and temporary works，
    “工程”包括永久性工程和临建工程。
    （f）“contract” means the conditions of contract，specification，drawings，priced bill of quantities，schedule of rates and prices，if any，tender，letter of acceptance and the contract agreement，if completed．
    “合同”指合同条款、技术规范、图纸、标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有），还可指标书、接受证书以及承包协议（如已完成）。
    （g) “contract price” means the sum named in the letter of acceptance, subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained．
    “合同价格”指在接受证书中确定的数额，可按本合同以下条款规定增减。
    （h)“constructional plant' means all appliances or things of whatsoever nature required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works but does not include materials or other things intended to form or forming part of the permanent works．
    “建筑设备”指工程施工和维修中或有关施工和维修所需的全部设备或物品，不论任何性质，但不包括旨在构成或正在构成永久性工程某一部分的材料或其他物品。
    （i）“temporary works' means all temporary works of every kind required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works．
    “临建工程”指工程施工或维修或有关工程施工或维修所需的各种临时工程。
    （j）“permanent works”means the permanent works to be executed and maintained in accordance with the contract．
    “永久性工程”指按合同将施工和维修的永久工程。
    （k） “specification” means the specification referred to in the tender and any modification thereof or addition thereto as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “技术规范”指在标书或任何标书更改中提及的规范，或由工程师随时可能增加或书面同意增加的部分。
    （1）“drawings” means the drawings referred to in the specification and any modification of such drawings approved in writing by the engineer and such other drawings as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “图纸”指技术规范中规定的图纸，经工程师书面同意对此种图纸所作的任何更改，以及可由工程师随时提供或书面认同的其他图纸。
    （m） “site” means the land and other places on，under，in or through which the permanent works or temporary works designed by the engineer are to be executed and any other lands and places provided by the employer for working space or any other purpose as may be apecifically designated in the contract as forming part of the site．
    “工地”指工程师设计的永久性或临建工程施工所需的土地及其他场地，包括地面、地下、在之上或通过部分，以及由业主所提供的用作临时储存或其他目的的其他土地或场所，只要能按合同明文规定构成工地的组成部分。
    （n）“approved” means approved in writing，including subsequent written confirmation ofprevious verbalapproval and“approval' means approval in writing，including as aforesaid．
    “业经认可”指已经经书面认可，包括过后对口头认可的书面确认，“认可”指书面认可，包括上述规定在内。
     （2）words importing the singular only also include the plural and vice versa where the context requires•
    1．2按合同上下文所需，单数含义的单词也可具有复数的含义，反之一样。
    （3）the headings and marginal notes in these conditions of contract shall not be deemed to be part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the contract．
    1．3合同条款的标题和边注不得视为合同的一部分，不得用于考虑解释条款或合同。
    （4）the word“cost' shall be deemed to include overhead costs whether on or off the site．
    1．4“费用”一词应视为含工地上或以外发生的间接费用。
             
    engineer and engineer’s reprf．sfntative
    工程师及工程师代表

    2．（1）the engineer shall carry out such duties in issuing decisions，certificates and orders as are specified in the contract．in the event of the engineer being required in terms of his appointment by the employer to obtain the specific approval of the employer for the execution of any part of these duties，this shall be set out in part ii of these conditions．
    2．1工程师必须按合同明文规定，履行作决断、颁发证书和发出指令等职责。如业主签发的工程师任命书中规定其某些职责的履行得经业主专门认可，其要件应在本合同第二部分予以规定。
    （2）the engineer may from time to time in writing delegate to the engineer's representative any of the powers and authorities vested in the engineer and shall furnish to the contractor and to the employer a copy of all such written delegations of powers and authorities． any written instruction or approval given by the engineer’s representative to the contractor within the terms of such delegation，but not otherwise，shall bind the contractor and the employer as though it had been given by the engineer．provided always as follws：
    2．2工程师可随时书面授权其代表代行其任何职权，但必须将所有此种授权书的副本提交给承包人和业主。在授权期间，工程师代表给承包人的任何书面指令或认可（仅限于此）对承包人和业主具有与工程师的指令或认可同样的效力。以下规定属于例外：
    （a） failure of the engineer's representative to disapprove any work or materials shall not prejudice the power of the engineer thereafter to disapprove such work or materials and to order the pulling down，removal or breaking up thereof．
    工程师代表对任何工程或材料的不予否认，不得影响工程师此后否认以及命令拆毁、移动或拆除此种工程或材料的权力。
    （b）if the contractor shall be dissatisfied by reason of any decisions of the engineer's representative he shall be entitled to refer the matter to the engineer，who shall thereupon confirm，reverse or vary such decision．
    若承包人对工程师代表的任何决定不满意，其有权将此决定提交工程师确认、取消或更改。                         

    assignment and sub—letting
    转让和分包

    3．the contractor shall not assign the contract or any part thereof，or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder，otherwise than by a charge in favor of the contractor's bankers of any monies due or to become due under this contract，without the prior written consent of the employer．
    3．未经业主事前书面同意，承包人不得将合同或其他任何部分，或合同所规定或依合同而产生的任何收益转让，向承包人的开户银行支付按本合同规定到期或即将到期的款项除外。

    4．the contractor shall not sub-let the whole of the works．except where otherwise provided by the contract，the contractor shall not sub-let any part of the works without the prior written consent of the engineer，which shall not be unreasonably withheld，and such consent，if given，shall not relieve the（contractor from any liability or obligation under the contract and he shall be responsible for the acts，defaults and neglects of any sub-contractor，his agents，servants or workmen as fully as if they were the acts，defaults or neglects of the contractor，his agents． servants or workmen．provided always that the provision of labor on a piecework basis shall not be deemed to be a subletting under the clause．
    4．承包人不得转包整个工程。除非合同另有规定，未经工程师事前书面同意，承包人也不得分包工程的任何部分，但工程师不得无故不同意分包，一旦同意分包，此种同意不得免去承包人所承担的任何合同所规定的责任或义务，他必须对任何分包人、其代理人、雇员或工人的行为、不履行和过失负完全责任，如同这些行为、不履行或过失是承包人、其代理人、雇员或工人所为。以计件方式提供劳力不得视为是本条所规定的分包。
                               
    contract documents
    合同文件

    5．（1）there shall be stated in part 1i of these conditions：
    5．1以下要件得在合同第二部分规定：
    （a）the language or languages in which the contract documents shall be drawn up and．
    用以起草合同文件的语言；
    （b）the country or state，the law of which is to apply to the contract and according to which
the contract is to be construed．
    合同适用哪个国家的法律以及用哪个国家的法律解释合同。
    if the said documents are written in more than one language，the language according to which the contract is to be construed and interpreted shall also be designated in part ii，being therein designated the “ruling language”．
    如果文件用一种以上语言作成，用以解释合同的语言也必须在第二部分中规定，且将被寇为“主体语言”。
    （2）except if and to the extent otherwise provided by the contract，the provisions of the conditions of contract parts ⅰ and ⅱshall prevail over those of any other document forming part of the contract．subject to the foregoing，the several documents forming the contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another，but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explained and adjusted by the engineer who shall thereupon issue to the contractor instructions thereon．provided always that if，in the opinion of the engineer，compliance with any such instructions shall involve the contractor in any cost，which by reason of any such ambiguity or discrepancy could not reasonably have been foreseen by the contractor，the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay such additional sum as may be reasonable to cover such costs．
    5．2除合同中另有规定外，合同第一、二部分的条款规定优于其他任何构成合同的文件的规定。以上述规定为准，构成合同的数个文件可视为能互相解释，如意思含糊或不一致时，由工程师解释和处理，并由此向承包人发出指令。如工程师认为，服从此种指令会使承包人发生额外费用，而此种费用是承包人由于上述意思含糊或不一致而按理无法预见的，工程师应予以证明，业主必须支付相应的额外款额以补偿此种费用。

    6．（1）the drawings shall remain in the sole custody of the engineer，but two copies thereof shall be furnished to the contractor free of charge．the contractor shall provide and make at his own expense any further copies required by him．at the completion of the contract the contractor shall return to the engineer all drawings provided under the contract．
    6．1图纸由工程师独自保管，但须向承包人免费提供两份副本。承包人所需的其余副本由他自己制作并承担费用。合同履行后，承包人须将全部合同图纸归还工程师。
    （2）one copy of the drawings，furnished to the contractor as aforesaid，shall be kept by the contractor on the site and the same shall at all reasonable times be available for inspection and use by the engineer and the engineer's representative and by any other person authorized by the engineer in writing．
    6．2承包人必须将按上述规定所提交的一份图纸副本留在工地，让工程师及其代表，或工程师书面授权的任何其他人在所有合理的时间内查阅使用。
    （3）the contractor shall give written notice to the engineer whenever planning or progress of the works' is likely to be delayed or disrupted unless any further drawing or order，including a direction，instruction or approval，is issued by the engineer within a reasonable time．the notice shall include details of the drawing or order required and of why and by when it is required and of any delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late．
    6．3如工程师不在适当时间内再提供图纸或命令，包括指示、指令或认可，工程计划或进展便可能被延误或中断时，承包人必须书面通知工程师。通知书中应详细说明所需的图纸或命令，所需原因和时间，以及如果不及时提供而可能造成的任何延误和中断。
    （4）if，by reason of any failure or inability of the engineer to issue within a time reasonable in all the circumstances any drawing or order requested by the contractor in accordance with subclause（3）of this clause，the contractor suffers delay and/or incurs costs then the engineer shall take such delay into account in determining any extension of time to which the contractor is entitled under clause 44 hereof and the contractor shall be paid the amount of such cost as shall be reasonable．   
    6．4如承包人按本条第3款规定索要图纸或命令，由于工程师没有或不能在合理时间内
提供，从而导致承包人误工和左戊承担费用，工程师必须考虑此种延误，以决定是否按本合同第44条规定延长承包人的工期，且只要有理由，承包人所承担的此种费用必须得到补偿。

    7．the engineer shall have full power and authority to supply to the contractor from time to time, during the progress of the works，such further drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and maintenance of the works． the contractor shall carry out and be bound by the same．
    7．在施工期间，工程师全权负责随时进一步向承包人提供图纸和指示，以满足工程正常施工和维护所需。承包人必须执行且受图纸和指示的约束。
                               
    general obligations
    总义务

    8．（1）the contractor shall，subject to the provisions of the contract，and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the works and provide all labor，including the supervision thereof, materials，constructional plant and all other things，whether of a temporary or permanent nature，required in and for such execution and maintenance，so far as the necessity for providing the same is specified in or is reasonably to be inferred from the contract．
    8．1承包人必须根据合同条款，对工程的施工和维护予以应有的注意，且提供此种施工和维护所必需的包括劳动管理在内的所有劳力、材料、施工成套设备及其他一切物品，不管其是临时或长期性质，只要合同明文规定需要或根据合同合理推断需要。
    （2）the contractor shall take full responsibility for the adequacy，stability and safety of all site operations and methods of construction，provided that the contractor shall not be responsible, except as may be expressly provided in the contract，for the design or specification of the permanent works，or for the design or specification of any temporary works prepared by the engineer•
    8．2承包人必须对现场操作和施工方法的恰当、稳定及安全性负全部责任。除非合同另有明文规定，承包人对工程师制定的永久性工程的设计或规格，或临建工程的设计或规格概不负责。

    9．the contractor shall，when called upon so to do，enter into and execute a contract agreement，to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer，in the form annexed with such modification as may be necessary，
    9．如经要求，承包人必须签署一承包协议，该协议由业主制定并承担费用，协议应附带必要的修正条款。

    10．if，for the due performance of the contract，the tender shall contain an undertaking by
the contractor to obtain，when required，a bond or guarantee of an insurance company or bank, or other approved sureties to be jointly and severally bound with the contractor to the employer, in a sum not exceeding that stated in the letter of acceptance for such bond or guarantee，the said insurance company or bank or sureties and the terms of the said bond or guarantee shall be such as shall be approved by the employer． the obtaining of such bond or guarantee or theprovision of such sureties and the cost of the bond or guarantee to be so entered into shall be at the expense in all respects of the contractor，unless the contract otherwise provides．
    10．为正常履行合同，在标书中，承包人应承诺按要求取得保险公司或银行的保单或保函，或其他业经认可由承包人向业主负连带责任的担保，其数额不超过验收证书中规定的保单或保函额，上述保险公司、银行或担保以及上述保单或保函的条款必须经业主认可。此种保单或保函的取得或担保的提供，以及缔结保单或保函的费用应全部由承包人承担，合同中另有规定的除外。

    11．the employer shall have made available to the contractor with the tender documents such data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions as shall have been obtained by or on behalf of the employer from investigations undertaken relevant to the works and the tender shall be deemed to have been based on such data，but the contractor shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof．
    11．业主必须在招标文件中向承包人提供由业主或其代理人在进行工程考察时获得的水文及地质情况资料，标书必须视为是基于此种资料所制定的，但承包人必须对资料的理解自行负责。
    the contractor shall also be deemed to have inspected and examined the site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself，so far as is practicable，before submitting his tender，as to the form and nature thereof，including the sub-surface conditions，the hydrological and climatic conditions，the extent and nature of work and materials necessary for the completion of the works，the means of access to the site and the accommodation he may require and，in general，shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information，subject as above mentioned，as to risks，contingencies and all other circumstances which may influence of affect his tender．
    承包人也必须被视为已视察了工地及周围环境，查阅了可获得的有关工地资料，且在提交标书前，对一切实际情况，从形式到性质，包括地质条件、水文和气候条件、工程范围和性质以及完成工程所必需的材料、到达工地的交通工具和所需的食宿等感到满意，总之，承包人必须被视为已得到所有必要的资料，除涉及上述情况外，还涉及风险、意外事件及其他一切可能影响其投标的情况。

    12．the contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before tendering as to the correctness and sufficiency of his tender for the works and of the rates and prices stated in the priced bill of quantities and the schedule of rates and prices，if any，which tender rates and prices shall，except insofar as it is otherwise provided in the contract，cover all his obligations under the contract and all matters and things necessary for the proper execution and maintenance of the works．if，however，during the execution of the works the contractor shall encounter physical conditions，other than climatic conditions on the site，or artificial obstructions，which conditions or obstructions could，in his opinion，not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，the contractor shall forthwith give written notice thereof to the engineer's representative and if，in the opinion of the engineer，such conditions or artificial obstructions could not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，then the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay the additional cost to which the contractor shallhave been put by reason of such conditions，including the proper and reasonable cost．
    12．承包人得被视为在投标前已对其工程标书，对标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有）上所列的单价和价格的正确性和完善性感到满意，此种投标价格必须贯穿其所有的合同义务，适用于所有为工程的正常施工和维护所必需的事物，除非本合同另有规定。然而，在施工期间，如承包人遇到除工地气候之外的其他自然情况或人为阻碍，依他所见，此种自然情况或人为阻碍是经验丰富的承包人也无法预见的，承包人必须立即书面通知工程师代表，如工程师确认此种情况或人为阻碍为经验丰富的承包人无法合理预见，工程师必须作证且业主支付承包人由于此种情况而承担的额外费用，包括因遇到此种情况或阻碍而：
    （a）of complying with any instruction which the engineer may issue to the contractor in connection therewith，and
    （1）为执行工程师可能向承包人发出的与此情况有关的任何指示而发生的正当合理的费用，以及
    （b）of any proper and reasonable measures approved by the engineer which the contractor may take in the absence of specific instructions from the engineer．as a result of such conditions or obstructions being encountered．
    （2）在无工程师具体指示时，承包人可能采取业经工程师认可的恰当和合理措施而发生的正当合理费用。

    13．save insofar as it is legally or physically impossible，the contractor shall execute and maintain the works in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the engineer's instructions and directions on any matter whether mentioned in the contract or not，touching or concerning the works．the contractor shall take instructions and directions only from the engineer or，subject to the limitations referred to in clause 2 hereof，from the engineer's representative．
    13．除因法律或自然因素而不能之外，承包人必须严格按合同规定施工和维护工程，使工程师感到满意，且必须遵守和严格执行工程师有关任何事项的指令和指示，不管合同中是否有规定，提及或涉及到工程，承包人只能从工程师处接受指令和指示，或根据本合同第2条规定，接受工程师代表的指令和指示。

    14．（1）within the time stated in part 11 of these conditions，the contractor shall，after the acceptance of his tender，submit to the engineer for his approval a program showing the order of procedure in which he proposes to carry out the works．the contractor shall，whenever required by the engineer or engineers’representative，also provide in writing for his information a general description of the arrangements and methods which the contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the works．
    14．1中标后，承包人得在第二部分条款规定的时间内向工程师提交一份其计划施工的程序方案，以征得工程师的认可。承包人还得随时应工程师或其代表的要求，提供一份承包人的施工计划安排和方法的说明书，以供其参考。
    （2）if at any time it should appear to the engineer that the actual progress of the works does not conform to the approved program referred to in sub-clause（1）of this clause，the contractorshall produce，at the request of the engineer，a revised program showing the modifications to the approved program necessary to ensure completion of the works within the time for completion asdefined in clause 48 hereof．
    14．2不论何时，只要工程师发现工程实际进度与本条第1款规定的业经认可的方案不符，承包人必须应工程师的要求，提供一份修改方案，对原有的方案作必要的修正，以保证工程能在本合同第48条规定的期限内完工。
    （3）the submission to and approval by the engineer or engineer's representative of such programs of the furnishing of such particulars shall not relieve the contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the contract．
    14．3承包人不得因向工程师或工程师代表提交或经其认可此种方案或因提供此种细节，而被免除任何合同责任或义务。

    15．the contractor shall give or provide all necessary super- intendance during the execution of the works and as long thereafter as the engineer may consider necessary for the proper fulfilling of the contractor's obligations under the contract．the contractor，or a competent and authorized agent or representative approved of in writing by the engineer，which approval may at any time be withdrawn，is to be constantly on the works and shall give his whole time to the super-intendance of the same．if such approval shall be withdrawn by the engineer，the contractor shall，as soon as is practicable，having regard to the requirement of replacing him as hereinafter mentioned，after receiving written noticeof suchwithdrawal，remove the agent from the works and shall not thereafter employ him again on the works in any capacity and shall replace him by another agent approved by the engineer．such authorized agent or representative shall receive，on behalf ofthe contractor，directions and instructions from the engineer or， subject to the limitations of clause 2 hereof，the engineer's representative．
    15．在施工期间，以及其后在工程师认为是为正常履行合同义务而必需时，承包人必须行使一切监督权。承包人，或其经工程师书面认可的全权代理人或代表（此种认可可随时撤销）应当随时在工地，一直进行监督管理。如工程师撤销对代理人的认可，在接到书面撤销通知后，承包人必须尽快根据撤换规定，将其撤离工地，且今后不得再在工地上以任何身份雇佣他（她），且用另外一位经工程师认可的代理人予以替代。此种授权代理人或代表得代表承包人接受工程师的指令和指示，或按本合同第2条规定，接受工程师代表的指令和指示。

    16．（1）the contractor shall provide and employ on the site in connection with the execution and maintenance of the works．
    16．1承包人必须在工地上提供和雇用与施工和工程维护有关的：
    （a） only such technical assistants as are skilled and experienced in their respective callings and such sub-agents，foremen and leading hands as are competent to give proper supervision to the work they are required to supervise，and
    （1）对本专业熟悉和经验丰富的技术人员，能胜任规定监管工作的分代理人、工头和领班，以及
    （b）such skilled，semi-skilled and unskilled labor as is necessary for the proper and timely execution and maintenance of the works．
    （2）为正常和及时施工和维护工程所需的熟练、半熟练和非熟练工人。
    （2）the engineer shall be at liberty to object to and require the contractor to remove forthwith from the works any person employed by the contractor in or about the execution ormaintenance of the works who，in the opinion of the engineer，misconducts himself，or is incompetent or negligent in the proper performance of his duties，or whose employment is otherwise considered by the engineer to be undesirable and such person shall not be again employed upon the works without the written permission of the engineer．any person so removed from the works shall be replaced as soon as possible by a competent substitute approved by the engineer．
    16．2如工程师认为承包人雇来进行或有关施工或工程维护的任何人员行为不轨、或不能或疏于履行其职责、或认为其雇佣纯属不必要，工程师有权反对雇佣，并要求承包人立即将其从工地解雇，未经工程师的书面同意，此种人员不得再被雇用到工地。凡被从工地解雇人员的职位应尽快由工程师认可的称职人选接替。

    17．the contractor shall be responsible for the true and proper setting-out of the works in relation to original points，lines and levels of reference given by the engineer in writing and for the correctness，subject as above mentioned，of the position，levels，dimensions and alignment of all parts of the works and for the provision of all necessary instruments，appliances and labor in connection therewith．if，at any time during the progress of the works，any error shall appear or arise in the position，levels，dimensions or alignment of any part of the works，the contractor， on being required so to do by the engineer or the engineer's representative，shall，at his own cost，rectify such error to the satisfaction of the engineer or the engineer's representative，unless such error is based on incorrect data supplied in writing by the engineer or the engineer's representative，in which case the expense of rectifying the same shall be borne by the employer． the checking of any setting-out or of any line or level by the engineer or the engineer's representative shall not in any way relieve the contractor of his responsibility for the correctness thereof and the contractor shall carefully protect and preserve all bench-marks， sight-rails，pegs and other things used in setting-out the works．
    17．承包人负责按工程师提交的书面参考原图的有关点、线和面的规定，忠实恰当地进行测定放线，如上所述，使工程的位置、水平、面积正确无误，并校准工程的各部分，且负责提供与工程相关的所有必要工具、设备和劳力。在施工中，如任何时候在工程的位置、水平、面积或工程任何部分的校正出现差错，应工程师或工程师代表的要求，承包人必须改正错误以使工程师或工程师代表满意，改正费用由承包人自己承担，此种错误是由工程师或工程师代表提供的书面资料差错而导致的除外，在这种情况下，须由业主承担改正费用。承包人不得因工程师或工程师代表对任何位置测定或任何线或任何水平面的检查而免去确保其正确无误的责任，承包人必须仔细保护和保存工程位置测定中使用过的水准点、观测杆、测标及其他物品。

    18．if，at any time during the execution of the works，the engineer shall require the contractor to make bore holes or to carry out exploratory excavation，such requirement shall be ordered in writing and shall be deemed to be an addition ordered under the provisions of clause 51 hereof，unless a provisional sum in respect of such anticipated work shall have been included in the bill of quantities．
    18．在施工中，工程师如在任何时间要求承包人钻孔或进行挖掘勘探，此种要求必须作成书面形式，且得视为是根据本合同第51条规定作出的附加命令，除非数量清单中已经列有有关此种预计工程的备用款。   

    19．the contractor shall in connection with the works provide and maintain at his own cost all lights，guards，fencing and watching when and where necessary or required by the engineer or the engineer's representative，or by any duly constituted authority， for the protection of the works，or for the safety and convenience of the public or others．
    19．凡有必要或应工程师或工程师代表、或任何正式成立的工程管理处的要求，承包人必须自费提供和维护与工程有关的所有灯光、警卫、栅栏和看护以保卫工程，或保障公众及其他人的安全和便利。

    20．（1）from the commencement of the works until the date stated in the certificate of completion for the whole of the works pursuant to clause 48 hereof the contractor shall take full responsibility for the care thereof．provided that if the engineer shall issue a certificate of completion in respect of any part of the permanent works the contractor shall cease to be liable for the care of that part of the permanent works from the date stated in the certificate of completion in respect of that part and the responsibility for the care of that part shall pass to the employer． provided further that the contractor shall take full responsibility for the care of any outstanding work which he shall have undertaken to finish during the period of maintenance until such outstanding work is completed．in case any damage，loss or injury shall happen to the works，or to any part thereof，from any cause whatsoever，save and except the excepted risks as defined in subclause（2）of this clause，while the contractor shall be responsible for the care thereof the contractor shall，at his own cost，repair and make good the same，so that at completion the permanent works shall be in good order and condition and in conformity in every respect with the requirements of the contract and the engineer's instructions．in the event of any such damage loss or injury happening from any of the excepted risks，the contractor shall，if and to the extent required by the engineer and subject always to the provisions of clause 65 hereof， repair and make good the same as aforesaid at the cost of the employer．the contractor shall also be liable for any damage to the works occasioned by him in the course of any operations carried out by him for the purpose of completing any outstanding work or complying with his obligations under clauses 49 or 50 hereof．
    20．1从开工至按本合同第48条中的竣工证书规定的日期为止，承包人都得对工程全权负责。只要工程师就永久性工程的任何部分签发了竣工证书，承包人从部分竣工证书中规定的日期起不再对永久性工程的此部分负责，此部分的责任则转至业主。此外，承包人必须对任何尚未完工而他得在维护期内完成的工程负全权维护，直至此种工程完工。如工程或其任何部分出现任何损害、损失或毁坏，不论何种原因，除本条第2款规定的除外风险外，承包人均得自费负责修理和修补，以确保永久性工程竣工时处于状态良好，各方面都合乎合同的要求和工程师的指示。如因除外风险而导致任何损害、损失或毁坏发生，承包人必须应工程师的要求（如果有）以及本合同第65条的规定，如上所述，进行修理和修补，费用由业主承担。承包人也必须对为完成未竣工程或履行本合同第49或50条规定的义务，在施工过程中对工程造成的任何损害负责。
    （2）“the excepted risks' are war，hostilities（whether war be declared or not），invasion act of foreign enemies，rebellion，revolution，insurrection or military or usurped power，civil war，or unless solely restricted to employees of the contractor or of his sub-contractors and arisingfrom the conduct of the works，riot，commotion or disorder，or use or occupation by the employer of any part of the permanent works，or a cause solely due to the engineer's design of the works，or ionizing radiation，or contamination by radio-activity from any nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste from the combustion of nuclear fuel，radio-active toxic explosive，or other hazardous properties of any explosive，nuclear assembly or nuclear component thereof，pressure waves caused by aircraft or other aerial devices travelling at sonic or supersonic speeds，or any such operation of the forces of nature as an experienced contractor could not foresee，or reasonably -make provision for or insure against all of which are herein collectively referred to as“the excepted risks'．
    20．2“除外风险”包括战争、敌对状态（无论是否宣战）、侵略、外国敌人行为、叛乱、革命、起义或兵变或篡权、内战、或不是由承包商的雇员、其转包人单独制造和不是因工程管理而发生的暴动、骚乱或混乱、或因业主使用或占用任何部分的永久性工程、或纯属工程师工程设计的原因、或因任何核燃料或核燃料燃烧后的废料以及放射性有毒爆炸物引起的辐射和污染、或任何爆炸物、核装置或核装置部件的其他危险特性、以音速、超音速飞行的飞机或其他飞行物的压力波以及其他任何此种自然力的作用，其不能为有经验的承包商所预见，也不能合理提供物资或投保与之对抗，所有这一切在本合同中都被称为“除外风险”。

    21．without limiting his obligations and responsibilities under clause 20 hereof，the contractor shall insure in the joint names of the employer and the contractor against all loss or damage from whatever cause arising，other than the excepted risks，for which he is responsible under the terms of the contract and in such manner that the employer and contractor are covered for the period stipulated in clause 20（1）hereof and are also covered during the period of maintenance for loss or damage arising from a cause，occurring prior to the commencement of the period of maintenance，and for any loss or damage occasioned by the contractor in the course of any operations carried out by him for the purpose of complying with his obligations under clauses 49 and 50 hereof；
    21．承包人必须以业主和承包人的共同名义，为防止合同规定的应由承包人负责的、除外风险外的一切损失或损害投保，不论其由什么原因造成，此种投保不得减少本合同第20条所规定的承包人的义务和责任，业主和承包人的保险除包括本合同第20．1条规定的期限外，还包括因维护期开始前发生的原因而在维护期内产生的损失或损害，以及承包人在履行本合同第49或50条规定的义务而开展任何工作期间所造成的任何损失或损害。投保项目包括：
   （a）the works for the time being executed to the estimated current contract value thereof，or such additional sum as may be specified in part 11 in the clause numbered 21，together with the materials for incorporation in the works at their replacement value．
   （1）正在施工的工程，按其目前的合同价值，或按21条第2款可能规定的附加款额，连同按替换价值计算的用于工程的材料。
   （b）the constructional plant and other things brought on to thethe replacement value of such constructional plant and other things．
   （2）承包商带到工地上的建筑成套设备和其他物品，按其替换价值投保。
such insurance shall be effected with an insurer and in terms apwhich approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, and the contractor shall  , whenever required , produce to the engineer or the engineer's representative the policy or policies of insurance and the receipts for payment of the current premiums．
    此种保险必须在一保险公司投放，条款得经业主认可，业主不得无故不同意投保，承包人必须随时应要求向工程师或工程师代表出示保险单和支付现行保险费的收据。

    22．（1）the contractor shall，except if and so far as the contract provides otherwise，indemnify the employer against all losses and claims in respect of injuries or damage to any person or material or physical damage to any property whatsoever which may arise out of or in consequence of the execution and maintenance of the works and against all claims，proceedings，damages，costs，charges and expenses whatsoever in respect of or in relation thereto except any compensation or damages for or with respect to：
    22．1除合同另有规定外，承包人必须保护业主不得因施工和工程维护而产生或导致的任何人员伤害、材料损失及财产损失而受任何损失和作任何赔偿，且不因所有与之有关的任何索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿金、诉讼费、开支和费用而受损失，对下列事项所作或与之有关的补偿或损害赔偿除外：
    （a）the permanent use or occupation of land by the works or any part thereof．
    工程或部分工程永久使用或占用土地；
    （b）the right of the employer to execute the works or any part thereof on，over，under in or through any land．
    业主在任何土地面上、上方、下面、里面或经过部分施工或部分施工的权利；
    （c）injuries or damage to persons or property which are the unavoidable result of the execution or maintenance of the works in accordance with the contract．
    按合同规定施工或维护工程而不可避免的人身伤害或财产损失；
    （d）injuries or damage to persons or property resulting from any act or neglect of the employer，his agents，servants or other contractors，not being employed by the contractor，or for or in respect of any claims，proceedings，damages，costs，charges and expenses in respect thereof or in relation thereto or where the injury or damage was contributed to by the contractor， his servants or agents such part of the compensation as may be just and equitable having regard to the extent of the responsibility of the employer，his servants or agents or other contractors for the damage or injury．
    因业主、其代理人、雇员或其他不为承包人所雇用的承包商的任何行为或过失所造成的人员伤害或财产损失，或与之有关的任何索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿金、诉讼费、开支和费用，或曾由承包人、其雇员或代理人承担的，但原本应当由业主、其雇员或代理人或其他承包商负责的那部分涉及损失或伤害的赔偿。
    （2）the employer shall indemnify the contractor against all claims，proceedings，damages，costs, charges and expenses in respect of the matters referred to in the provision sub-clause （1）of this clause．
    22．2业主必须保护承包人不因与本条第1款规定事项有关的一切索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿金、诉讼费、开支和费用而受损失。

    23．（1）before commencing the execution of the works the contractor，but without limiting
his obligations and responsibilities under clause 22 hereof，shall insure against his liability for anymaterial or physical damage，loss or injury which may occur to any property，including that of the employer，or to any person，including any employee of the employer，by or arising out of the
execution of the works or in the carrying out of the contract，otherwise than due to the matters referred to in the provision clause 22（1）hereof．
    23．1在开工前，在不减少本合同第22条规定给他的义务和责任条件下，承包人必须对任何可能由于或因施工或因履行本合同而给包括业主的财产在内的任何财产，以及给包括业主的雇员在内的任何人员造成的重大或实质性损害、损失或伤害进行责任保险，本合同第22条规定的事项除外。
    （2）such insurance shall be effected with an insurer and in terms approved by the employer，which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld，and for at least the amount stated in the appendix to the tender．the contractor shall，whenever required，produce to the engineer or the engineer's representative the policy or policies of insurance and the receipts for payment of

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